🇫🇷 Lesson 4: Numbers, Time & Dates

🎯 What You'll Learn

Count from 0 to 1,000,000+, tell time, discuss days and months, and navigate the quirks of French numbering — including why the French say "four-twenties-ten-nine" for 99.

Estimated Time: 50–60 minutes

🔢 Numbers 0–20

The first 20 numbers must be memorized — they're the building blocks for everything else.

#FrenchPronunciation#FrenchPronunciation
0zérozay-ROH11onzeOHNZ
1un / uneUHN / ÜN12douzeDOOZ
2deuxDUH13treizeTREZ
3troisTWAH14quatorzekah-TORZ
4quatreKATR15quinzeKANZ
5cinqSANK16seizeSEZ
6sixSEES17dix-septdee-SET
7septSET18dix-huitdee-ZWEET
8huitWEET19dix-neufdee-NUHF
9neufNUHF20vingtVAN
10dixDEES

✅ Note on "Un" vs "Une"

Un is masculine, une is feminine. This matters when counting objects: un chat (one cat, masculine), une maison (one house, feminine). When just counting (1, 2, 3...) use un.

🔢 Numbers 20–69

This part is logical — just combine the tens and ones:

TensFrenchPattern for 21–29, etc.
20vingtvingt et un (21), vingt-deux (22), vingt-trois (23)...
30trentetrente et un (31), trente-deux (32)...
40quarantequarante et un (41), quarante-deux (42)...
50cinquantecinquante et un (51), cinquante-deux (52)...
60soixantesoixante et un (61), soixante-deux (62)...

💡 The "et un" Rule

For 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, and 71 you use et un (and one) — no hyphen. For all other combinations, use a hyphen: vingt-deux, trente-trois, etc.

🔢 Numbers 70–99: Where It Gets Interesting

This is where France French takes a mathematical detour — and where Belgian, Swiss, and Canadian French offer simpler alternatives.

#🇫🇷 FranceLogic🇧🇪 Belgium / 🇨🇭 Switzerland / 🇨🇦 Canada
70soixante-dix60 + 10septante
71soixante et onze60 + 11septante et un
72soixante-douze60 + 12septante-deux
79soixante-dix-neuf60 + 19septante-neuf
80quatre-vingts4 × 20huitante (🇨🇭 some) / quatre-vingts
81quatre-vingt-un4 × 20 + 1huitante et un / quatre-vingt-un
90quatre-vingt-dix4 × 20 + 10nonante
91quatre-vingt-onze4 × 20 + 11nonante et un
99quatre-vingt-dix-neuf4 × 20 + 19nonante-neuf

⚠️ Why "Four-Twenties"?

The vigesimal (base-20) counting system in French comes from ancient Celtic/Gallic influence. Before the French Revolution standardized many things, base-20 counting was common across Northern France. The Académie française kept it — and so 80 is quatre-vingts (4 × 20) and 90 is quatre-vingt-dix (4 × 20 + 10).

🇫🇷 France

The base-20 system is standard and universal. Everyone says soixante-dix, quatre-vingts, and quatre-vingt-dix. Using septante or nonante will immediately mark you as non-French (Belgian, Swiss, or Canadian).

🇨🇦 Canada

Québécois French mostly uses the France system (quatre-vingts, quatre-vingt-dix), but septante and nonante are understood. Some older speakers or those influenced by Belgian/Swiss French use them. You'll be understood either way!

🔢 100 and Beyond

#FrenchNotes
100centpronounced "SAHN"
101cent unno "et" — just cent un
200deux centsnote the S on cents
201deux cent unS drops when followed by another number
500cinq cents
1 000millenever "un mille" — just "mille"
1 500mille cinq cents
2 000deux millemille never takes an S
1 000 000un millionmillion DOES take S: deux millions
1 000 000 000un milliard"billion" in English = milliard in French

⚠️ Number Formatting

French uses spaces (or periods) for thousands and commas for decimals — the opposite of English!
English: 1,234.56 → French: 1 234,56
This matters for prices, measurements, and math!

🕐 Telling Time (L'heure)

French uses the 24-hour clock in formal contexts (schedules, announcements) and the 12-hour clock in casual speech.

TimeFrench (casual)French (24h formal)
1:00Il est une heureIl est treize heures (13h)
2:15Il est deux heures et quartIl est quatorze heures quinze
3:30Il est trois heures et demieIl est quinze heures trente
4:45Il est cinq heures moins le quartIl est seize heures quarante-cinq
12:00 PMIl est midiIl est douze heures
12:00 AMIl est minuitIl est zéro heure / minuit

✅ Key Time Vocabulary

et quart = quarter past · et demie = half past · moins le quart = quarter to · moins cinq = five to · midi = noon · minuit = midnight · du matin = in the morning · de l'après-midi = in the afternoon · du soir = in the evening

📅 Days of the Week (Les Jours de la Semaine)

FrenchPronunciationEnglish
lundiluhn-DEEMonday
mardimar-DEETuesday
mercredimair-kruh-DEEWednesday
jeudizhuh-DEEThursday
vendredivahn-druh-DEEFriday
samedisam-DEESaturday
dimanchedee-MAHNSHSunday

💡 No Capitals!

Unlike English, French days of the week and months are not capitalized (unless starting a sentence). It's lundi, not Lundi.

📅 Months of the Year (Les Mois de l'Année)

FrenchPronunciationEnglish
janvierzhahn-vee-AYJanuary
févrierfay-vree-AYFebruary
marsMARSMarch
avrilav-REELApril
maiMAYMay
juinZHWANJune
juilletzhwee-AYJuly
aoûtOOT (or OO)August
septembresep-TAHMRSeptember
octobreok-TOBROctober
novembreno-VAHMRNovember
décembreday-SAHMRDecember

📅 Expressing Dates

French dates use cardinal numbers (not ordinal) — except for the 1st:

Format: le + number + month + year

le 15 avril 2026 — April 15, 2026

le 1er janvier — January 1st (the only ordinal: premier)

le 25 décembre — December 25

Written format: DD/MM/YYYY (not MM/DD/YYYY like the US!)

15/04/2026 = April 15, 2026

Useful Date Expressions

FrenchEnglish
Quelle est la date aujourd'hui ?What is today's date?
On est le combien ?What's the date? (casual)
aujourd'huitoday
hieryesterday
demaintomorrow
la semaine prochainenext week
le mois dernierlast month
l'année prochainenext year

🔢 Ordinal Numbers

#FrenchAbbreviation
1stpremier / première1er / 1re
2nddeuxième2e
3rdtroisième3e
4thquatrième4e
5thcinquième5e
10thdixième10e
20thvingtième20e
100thcentième100e

✅ Easy Pattern

Except for premier (1st), just add -ième to the number. If the number ends in -e, drop it first: quatrequatrième. If it ends in -f, change to -v: neufneuvième. And cinq adds a u: cinquième.

📝 Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

1. How do you say 75 in France French?

2. What is 92 in France French?

3. How do you say 3:30 PM casually in French?

4. How is the date 07/03/2026 read in French format?

📚 Key Takeaways

📌 Lesson Summary

✦ Numbers 0–16 must be memorized; 17–69 follow logical tens + ones patterns.

✦ 70–99 use base-20 math in France (soixante-dix, quatre-vingts, quatre-vingt-dix).

✦ Belgium, Switzerland, and some Canadian speakers use septante (70), huitante (80), nonante (90).

✦ French uses 24-hour time formally and 12-hour time casually; "et quart/et demie/moins le quart."

✦ Days and months are NOT capitalized in French.

✦ Date format is DD/MM/YYYY — the opposite of American English.